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The definition includes crypto-assets represented on cryptographically secured distributed ledgers or similar technology from 1 April 2026.
The Income-tax Act, 2025 applies from Tax Year 2026-27. Its Section 194 carries the 30% VDA income rule and Section 393(1), Table 8(vi) carries the 1% VDA-transfer TDS rule. Earlier years remain governed by Sections 115BBH and 194S of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
| Year | Update |
|---|---|
| 2022 | Finance Act introduced 30% tax and 1% TDS rules. |
| 2023 | CBDT clarified TDS procedures for exchanges and P2P. |
| 2024 | No TDS relief despite industry requests. |
| 2025 | The Finance Act expanded the VDA definition from 1 April 2026. |
| 2026 | The Income-tax Act, 2025 took effect with renumbered VDA provisions. |
As per Section 115BBH of the Income Tax Act, when calculating taxes on Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs) like cryptocurrencies, only the cost of acquisition (purchase price) can be deducted. Transaction fees, gas fees, brokerage charges, and other expenses are not allowed to be deducted from gains.
This document is for informational purposes only. Please consult a qualified tax advisor for your specific situation.